![]() For materials they probably used hides and wooden poles. The oldest turf hut had an approximately circle shaped floor plan and was built with two sets of hook latches (rafters that intersect at the roof ridge) which forms roof and walls as one element. Stone age hunters must have used such simple tent and turf hut constructions, which in principle could have been very similar to those still in use by Sami nomads, with straight or hook-formed rods. Traces of similar albeit younger tents have also been found other places along the western coast: Kollsnes at Øygarden in Hordaland, on Slettnes, Sørøy, and Mortensnes close by Nesseby in Finnmark, and one dating back to around 6500 BC at Fosenstraumen near Radøy in Hordaland. The oldest surviving traces of construction in Norway dates back to about 9000 BC, in mountainous regions near Store Myrvatn in contemporary Rogaland, where excavations have found portable dwellings most likely kept by nomadic reindeer hunters. Most of our archeological material derives from surveys done in the 20th century, and excavations done in major cities the past 25 years, including other archeological surveys from the 80s and 90s. There's also the rebuild of the large chieftain house from the Viking age at Borg in Lofoten. ![]() The largest reconstruction project in Norway is the Bronze Age settlement at Forsand in Ryfylke and the Iron Age farm at Ullandhaug close by Stavanger. Throughout the 20th century, Scandinavian archeologists have also been attempting to reconstruct prehistoric houses. Prior to this only 200 sites were immediately visible from the surface layer. Thanks to new digging methods like topsoil excavation, archeologists have been able to further uncover the remains or foundations of 400 prehistoric houses that were previously hidden beneath the ground. Until modern times, transportation infrastructure was also primitive, and builders largely had to rely on locally available materials. Ĭonstruction in Norway has always been characterized by the need to shelter people, animals, and property from harsh weather, including predictably cold winters and frost, heavy precipitation in certain areas, wind and storms and to make the most of scarce building resources. ![]() Norwegian architects have been recognized for their work, both within Norway-where architecture has been considered an expression of social policy-and outside Norway, in several innovative projects. In the 20th century, Norwegian architecture has been characterized by its connection with Norwegian social policy on the one hand, and innovation on the other. Instead, these factors resulted in distinctive traditions in Norwegian vernacular architecture, which have been preserved in existing farms in the many Norwegian open-air museums that showcase buildings from the Middle Ages through to the 19th century prominent examples include the Norsk Folkemuseum in Oslo and Maihaugen in Lillehammer, as well as extant buildings still in service on farms such as those in the Heidal valley. This, combined with the ready availability of wood as a building material, ensured that relatively few examples of the Baroque, Renaissance, and Rococo architecture styles so often built by the ruling classes elsewhere in Europe, were constructed in Norway. As a result, the traditional Norwegian farm culture remained strong, and Norway differed from most European countries in never adopting feudalism. Following that, the ascent of Christianity introduced Romanesque architecture in cathedrals and churches, with characteristically slightly pointed arches, barrel vaults, cruciform piers supporting vaults, and groin vaults in large part as a result of religious influence from England.ĭuring the Middle Ages, the geography dictated a dispersed economy and population. Prior to the Viking Age, wooden structures developed into a sophisticated craft evident in the elegant and effective construction of the Viking longships. Norway's architectural trends are also seen to parallel political and societal changes in Norway over the centuries. While outside architectural influences are apparent in much of Norwegian architecture, they have often been adapted to meet Norwegian climatic conditions, including: harsh winters, high winds and, in coastal areas, salt spray. ![]() The architecture of Norway has evolved in response to changing economic conditions, technological advances, demographic fluctuations and cultural shifts. ![]()
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